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Lebanon

AsiaWestern Asia
10.5 Thousand km²

Quick Facts

Capital
Beirut
Area
10,452 km²
Language
Arabic (Lebanese dialect)
Currency
Lebanese Pound (LBP)
Calling Code
+961
Drives On
Right
Internet
.lb
Timezone
EET (UTC+2)
Script
Arabic & Latin
Government
Parliamentary Republic
Independence
1943
Map tiles by CARTO. Data by OpenStreetMap.

Lebanon is a country that should be impossible. Smaller than Connecticut, wedged between Syria and Israel on the Mediterranean coast, it has been invaded, occupied, and shaken by civil war - and yet it remains one of the most culturally vibrant, culinarily extraordinary, and stubbornly alive places on Earth. The Phoenicians sailed from these shores and gave the world the alphabet. Today, Beirut's restaurant scene rivals Paris, you can ski in the morning and swim in the Mediterranean in the afternoon, and the nightlife goes until sunrise. Lebanon refuses to be defined by its struggles.

The food alone is worth the trip. Lebanese cuisine - mezze spreads of hummus, tabbouleh, fattoush, and dozens more small dishes, followed by grilled meats and finished with baklava - is arguably the most influential cuisine in the Middle East and one of the most popular in the world. The Cedars of God, ancient groves that supplied wood for Solomon's Temple, still stand in the mountains. Baalbek's Roman temples are among the largest ever built. And the Lebanese people, scattered across a global diaspora far larger than the country's population, carry a reputation for warmth, style, and an unbreakable love of life.

Largest Cities in Lebanon

1
Beirut
Capital and cultural powerhouse on the Mediterranean, a city of ancient ruins, rooftop bars, world-class restaurants, and relentless resilience
2,400,000
2
Tripoli
Northern coastal city with the largest and best-preserved Crusader fortress in Lebanon, a magnificent souk, and outstanding street food
500,000
3
Byblos
One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, a Phoenician port town with 7,000 years of archaeological layers
40,000
4
Sidon
Southern coastal city with a Crusader sea castle, vibrant souks, and the Temple of Eshmun, an ancient Phoenician healing sanctuary
200,000

Famous People from Lebanon

Khalil Gibran
Literature
Author of The Prophet, one of the best-selling books of all time, a Lebanese-American poet who wrote in both Arabic and English
Fairuz
Music
The most beloved singer in the Arab world, whose voice has been the soundtrack to Lebanese mornings for over sixty years
Zaha Hadid
Architecture
Though born in Iraq, she was of Lebanese descent and became the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize in architecture
Amin Maalouf
Literature
Franco-Lebanese novelist who won the Prix Goncourt and was elected to the Academie Francaise, exploring identity and civilization
Hassan Kamel Al-Sabbah
Science
Pioneer of solar energy and electrical engineering who held dozens of patents and was called the Edison of the East

Traditional Cuisine of Lebanon

Mezze
An elaborate spread of small dishes including hummus, baba ghanoush, labneh, kibbeh, and tabbouleh, the centerpiece of every Lebanese meal
Kibbeh
Ground lamb and bulgur shaped into oval croquettes and fried, or served raw as kibbeh nayyeh - considered the national dish
Manoushe
Flatbread topped with za'atar and olive oil, the essential Lebanese breakfast eaten fresh from the bakery every morning
Tabbouleh
Finely chopped parsley salad with bulgur, tomato, mint, and lemon, the herb-forward original that inspired countless imitations
Baklava
Layers of thin phyllo pastry filled with pistachios or walnuts and drenched in sugar syrup, perfected by Lebanese pastry masters

Nature & Landmarks in Lebanon

Cedars of God
Forest
UNESCO World Heritage grove of ancient cedar trees in the mountains, some over 1,000 years old, the symbol on Lebanon's flag
Jeita Grotto
Cave
Spectacular limestone caves with the world's largest known stalactite, explored by boat on an underground river
Qadisha Valley
Valley
UNESCO-listed holy valley carved into the mountains, dotted with ancient monasteries and hermit caves used since early Christianity
Batroun Coast
Coastal
Rocky Mediterranean coastline with Phoenician sea walls, natural tide pools, and a growing reputation as Lebanon's summer hotspot

Sports in Lebanon

Basketball
The most popular sport in Lebanon with a passionate league, the national team has competed in the FIBA World Cup
Football
Growing following with competitive clubs in the Lebanese Premier League and improving national team performances
Skiing
Lebanon is one of the few Middle Eastern countries with ski resorts, with slopes in the Cedars and Faraya just an hour from Beirut

Did You Know?

1
The Phoenicians, who sailed from Lebanon's coast, created the alphabet that became the ancestor of virtually every alphabet in use today
2
Lebanon is small enough that you can ski in the mountains and swim in the Mediterranean on the same day
3
Byblos is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, and the word Bible derives from its ancient Greek name
4
The Lebanese diaspora is estimated at 14 million people worldwide, far outnumbering the roughly 5 million who live in Lebanon
5
Lebanon's cedar tree has been famous since ancient times - it was used to build Phoenician ships, Solomon's Temple, and Egyptian pharaohs' palaces
6
Fairuz's morning music is so beloved that during the civil war, all factions agreed not to fight during her radio broadcasts
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