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Vietnam

AsiaSouth-Eastern Asia
331 Thousand km²

Quick Facts

Capital
Hanoi
Area
331,212 km²
Language
Vietnamese
Currency
Vietnamese Dong (VND)
Calling Code
+84
Drives On
Right
Internet
.vn
Timezone
ICT (UTC+7)
Script
Latin (Quoc Ngu)
Government
One-party Socialist Republic
Independence
1945
Map tiles by CARTO. Data by OpenStreetMap.

Vietnam is a country shaped like a dragon, or perhaps a letter S, stretching 1,650 kilometers along the South China Sea coast. It is impossibly narrow in places - at its thinnest, just 50 kilometers separate the mountains of Laos from the sea. From the rice terraces of the north to the floating markets of the Mekong Delta, from the limestone towers of Ha Long Bay to the lantern-lit streets of Hoi An, Vietnam packs more visual drama per kilometer than almost any country on Earth.

But Vietnam's real genius is its street food culture. Pho, the aromatic beef noodle soup eaten for breakfast across the country, is just the opening act. Banh mi sandwiches, bun cha grilled pork noodles, fresh spring rolls, egg coffee, ca phe sua da - the food is extraordinary, endlessly varied, and served on plastic stools on sidewalks for less than a dollar. Vietnam has been invaded by the Chinese, the Mongols, the French, the Japanese, and the Americans, and defeated them all. The result is a culture with a granite core of resilience, a wicked sense of humor, and an absolute refusal to be told what to do. The motorbike chaos of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City is not disorder - it is organized freedom, Vietnamese style.

Largest Cities in Vietnam

1
Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam's largest city and economic engine, a neon-lit megalopolis of French colonial architecture, rooftop bars, and legendary street food
9,300,000
2
Hanoi
Capital and cultural heart, a thousand-year-old city of lakes, pagodas, tree-lined boulevards, and the chaotic charm of the Old Quarter
8,500,000
3
Da Nang
Central coast city with stunning beaches, the Dragon Bridge, and proximity to both Hoi An and the Marble Mountains
1,200,000
4
Hai Phong
Major northern port city and gateway to Cat Ba Island, with French colonial architecture and excellent seafood
2,000,000
5
Can Tho
Heart of the Mekong Delta, known for its floating markets where boats piled with tropical fruit trade at dawn
1,200,000
6
Hoi An
UNESCO-listed ancient trading port of lantern-lit streets, tailor shops, and the iconic Japanese Covered Bridge
150,000

Famous People from Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh
Politics
Father of modern Vietnam who led the independence movement against France and the US, his image appears on every Vietnamese banknote
Nguyen Du
Literature
Author of The Tale of Kieu, Vietnam's greatest literary work - a 3,254-line poem that every Vietnamese person can quote
Vo Nguyen Giap
Politics
Military strategist who defeated France at Dien Bien Phu and led North Vietnam's army, one of the greatest generals of the 20th century
Tran Hung Dao
Politics
13th-century general who repelled three Mongol invasions of Vietnam, considered the greatest military hero in Vietnamese history
Trinh Cong Son
Music
Vietnam's most beloved songwriter whose anti-war ballads earned him the title of Bob Dylan of Vietnam
Nguyen Trai
Literature
15th-century poet, strategist, and national hero who wrote the Great Proclamation on the Pacification of the Chinese
Dang Thai Son
Music
First Asian pianist to win the International Chopin Piano Competition in 1980, putting Vietnamese classical music on the world stage
Phan Thi Ha Thanh
Sport
Pioneer of Vietnamese gymnastics who competed at the Olympics and inspired a generation of athletes in the sport

Traditional Cuisine of Vietnam

Pho
Vietnam's iconic beef or chicken noodle soup with aromatic broth, rice noodles, herbs, and lime, eaten for breakfast nationwide
Banh Mi
French baguette filled with pate, grilled pork, pickled vegetables, cilantro, and chili - the world's greatest sandwich
Bun Cha
Hanoi's signature dish - grilled pork patties with rice noodles, herbs, and a sweet dipping sauce, famously eaten by Obama
Com Tam
Broken rice with grilled pork chop, egg meatloaf, and pickled vegetables - Saigon's everyday comfort meal
Goi Cuon
Fresh spring rolls of rice paper wrapped around shrimp, pork, herbs, and vermicelli, dipped in peanut sauce
Bun Bo Hue
Spicy beef noodle soup from central Vietnam with lemongrass and shrimp paste, considered by many to be even better than pho
Ca Phe Sua Da
Vietnamese iced coffee - dark roast dripped through a phin filter over sweetened condensed milk and ice
Banh Xeo
Crispy turmeric crepe filled with shrimp, pork, and bean sprouts, wrapped in lettuce and herbs and dipped in nuoc cham

Nature & Landmarks in Vietnam

Ha Long Bay
Coast
UNESCO World Heritage seascape of nearly 2,000 limestone karst islands rising from emerald waters in the Gulf of Tonkin
Sapa Rice Terraces
Mountain
Stunning cascading rice paddies carved into the mountains by Hmong and Dao ethnic minorities near the Chinese border
Phong Nha-Ke Bang
National Park
UNESCO World Heritage cave system including Son Doong, the largest cave passage in the world, discovered only in 2009
Mekong Delta
River
Vast river delta of emerald rice paddies, floating markets, and tropical orchards where Vietnam meets the sea
Ninh Binh
Landmark
Limestone karsts rising from rice paddies and rivers, often called Ha Long Bay on land, with ancient temples and grottoes
Cat Ba Island
Island
Largest island in Ha Long Bay with a national park, beaches, and the critically endangered Cat Ba langur
Da Lat
Mountain
French colonial hill station at 1,500 meters surrounded by pine forests, waterfalls, and flower gardens - Vietnam's city of eternal spring
Phu Quoc
Island
Vietnam's largest island in the Gulf of Thailand, with pristine beaches, fish sauce factories, and spectacular sunsets

Sports in Vietnam

Football
Most popular sport in the country, the national team has won multiple AFF Championships and is a growing force in Asian football
Martial Arts
Vovinam, Vietnam's national martial art, combines kicks, strikes, and grappling and is practiced in over 60 countries
Badminton
One of Vietnam's strongest Olympic sports, with rising stars competing at the highest international levels
Sepak Takraw
Traditional Southeast Asian sport played with a rattan ball using feet, knees, and head, hugely popular across Vietnam

Did You Know?

1
Vietnam is the world's second largest coffee exporter after Brazil, producing mostly robusta beans
2
Son Doong Cave in Phong Nha is the world's largest cave passage - big enough to fly a Boeing 747 through
3
There are more motorbikes than people in Vietnamese cities - Ho Chi Minh City has 7.5 million motorbikes for 9 million people
4
Vietnamese is a tonal language with six tones - the word ma can mean ghost, mother, horse, grave, rice seedling, or but
5
Egg coffee, ca phe trung, was invented in Hanoi in 1946 when milk was scarce and a bartender used egg yolk instead
6
Vietnam has 54 officially recognized ethnic groups, each with distinct languages, costumes, and cultural traditions
7
The Vietnamese alphabet uses Latin letters with diacritical marks, introduced by Portuguese missionaries in the 17th century
8
Ha Long Bay's name means Descending Dragon - legend says a dragon landed here and its thrashing tail carved the islands
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