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Syria

AsiaWestern Asia
185 Thousand km²

Quick Facts

Capital
Damascus
Area
185,180 km²
Language
Arabic
Currency
Syrian Pound (SYP)
Calling Code
+963
Drives On
Right
Internet
.sy
Timezone
EET (UTC+2)
Script
Arabic
Government
Unitary Republic
Independence
1946
Map tiles by CARTO. Data by OpenStreetMap.

Syria is where civilization learned to walk. This is the land of the oldest continuously inhabited city on Earth - Damascus - where people have lived, traded, worshipped, and argued for at least 11,000 years. Before Rome was a village, before Athens had a name, Damascus already had streets. The ancient city of Aleppo, with its massive citadel rising above a labyrinth of covered souks, rivaled it in age and grandeur. Palmyra's colonnaded ruins stood as a testament to a desert queen who dared to challenge Rome.

Syria sits at the crossroads of everything. Mesopotamia to the east, the Mediterranean to the west, Anatolia to the north, Arabia to the south. Every empire in history has marched through here - Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Crusaders, Mongols, Ottomans. Each left layers of temples, churches, mosques, and castles that made Syria one of the richest archaeological landscapes on the planet. The food reflects this too - Aleppo was considered the culinary capital of the Middle East, its cuisine a complex tapestry of spices, grains, and techniques refined over millennia.

The Syrian people carry the weight of an ancient heritage and the scars of recent conflict, but their warmth, hospitality, and determination remain legendary. Syrian refugees have carried their culture, cuisine, and resilience to every corner of the globe, opening restaurants and rebuilding lives with the same stubborn hope that has defined this land for thousands of years.

Largest Cities in Syria

1
Damascus
Capital and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities on Earth, with a UNESCO-listed Old City of Roman gates, Umayyad Mosque, and winding souks
2,500,000
2
Aleppo
Ancient trading hub with a massive hilltop citadel, legendary covered souks stretching for kilometers, and a cuisine famous throughout the Arab world
2,000,000
3
Homs
Syria's third largest city on the Orontes River, historically a major industrial center between Damascus and Aleppo
800,000
4
Latakia
Principal port city on the Mediterranean coast, surrounded by mountains and known for its relatively cosmopolitan atmosphere
500,000
5
Palmyra
Desert oasis city with spectacular Greco-Roman ruins, once the capital of Queen Zenobia's empire that challenged Rome itself
50,000

Famous People from Syria

Queen Zenobia
Politics
3rd-century queen of Palmyra who built an empire stretching from Egypt to Anatolia and dared to defy the Roman Empire
Nizar Qabbani
Literature
Syria's most celebrated poet whose verses about love, women, and Arab identity are recited across the entire Arabic-speaking world
Philip the Arab
Politics
Roman Emperor born in southern Syria who ruled from 244-249 AD and celebrated Rome's thousandth anniversary
Al-Farabi
Philosophy
Medieval philosopher from the Islamic Golden Age known as the Second Teacher after Aristotle, who deeply influenced Islamic and Western thought
Asmahan
Music
Legendary singer and actress of the 1940s whose powerful voice rivaled Umm Kulthum and whose mysterious death became the stuff of legend

Traditional Cuisine of Syria

Kibbeh
Bulgur wheat and minced lamb shaped into torpedo-like croquettes and fried, with dozens of regional variations across Syria
Fattoush
Vibrant salad of crispy fried pita bread, fresh vegetables, herbs, and a tangy sumac and pomegranate molasses dressing
Muhammara
Rich dip of roasted red peppers, walnuts, pomegranate molasses, and Aleppo pepper, a jewel of Syrian cuisine
Shawarma
Marinated meat slow-roasted on a vertical spit and shaved into flatbread with garlic sauce, pickles, and vegetables
Baklava
Layers of paper-thin phyllo pastry filled with pistachios and soaked in rose-scented sugar syrup, Aleppo's version is legendary

Nature & Landmarks in Syria

Euphrates River
River
One of the two great rivers of Mesopotamia flowing through eastern Syria, cradle of the earliest human civilizations
Syrian Desert
Desert
Vast steppe and desert covering much of eastern Syria, dotted with ancient caravan cities and Bedouin camps
Mount Hermon
Mountain
Snow-capped peak rising to 2,814 meters on the Lebanese border, Syria's highest point and the country's only ski area
Latakia Coast
Coast
Syria's Mediterranean coastline backed by green mountains, with sandy beaches and the forested slopes of the Alawite range

Sports in Syria

Football
Most popular sport in Syria, the national team came within one match of qualifying for the 2018 World Cup in a remarkable underdog run
Wrestling
Traditional strength sport with deep roots in Syrian culture, producing multiple Asian championship medalists
Weightlifting
Syria's strongest Olympic sport historically, with athletes competing at multiple Olympic Games

Did You Know?

1
Damascus is widely considered the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, with evidence of settlement dating back over 11,000 years
2
The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus is one of the oldest and largest mosques in the world, built on a site that was once a Roman temple and then a Christian church
3
Syria's ancient city of Ebla contained a library of over 20,000 clay tablets dating to 2400 BC, rewriting the history of the ancient Near East
4
Aleppo soap, made from olive oil and laurel oil, has been produced in the city for over a thousand years using the same basic recipe
5
The Krak des Chevaliers, a Crusader castle in Syria, is considered the finest example of medieval military architecture in the world
6
Syrian bread, khubz, is so central to the culture that the Arabic word for bread is sometimes used as a synonym for life itself
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