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Luxembourg

EuropeWestern Europe
2.59 Thousand km²

Quick Facts

Capital
Luxembourg
Area
2,586 km²
Language
Luxembourgish, French, German
Currency
Euro (EUR)
Calling Code
+352
Drives On
Right
Internet
.lu
Timezone
CET (UTC+1)
Script
Latin
Government
Constitutional Monarchy (Grand Duchy)
Independence
1839
Map tiles by CARTO. Data by OpenStreetMap.

Luxembourg is the world's only remaining Grand Duchy, and it acts exactly like you'd expect a country run by a Grand Duke to act - quietly, efficiently, and with an absurd amount of wealth. The GDP per capita is the highest on Earth, the unemployment rate is nearly nonexistent, and the banking sector is larger than the country itself. Nearly half the workforce commutes in daily from France, Belgium, and Germany.

But Luxembourg is more than a financial center with a fancy title. The old town of Luxembourg City sits on dramatic sandstone cliffs above the Alzette and Petrusse rivers, its Casemates du Bock tunnels carved into rock over centuries of military engineering. The countryside is dotted with ruined castles straight out of a fairy tale - Vianden, Bourscheid, Beaufort - perched above forested valleys that feel completely untouched. People here switch between Luxembourgish, French, and German in the same conversation without pausing, and somehow the whole country runs on this trilingual autopilot. It is tiny, peaceful, and uncommonly pleasant.

Largest Cities in Luxembourg

1
Luxembourg City
Capital with UNESCO-listed old town on dramatic gorges, home to major EU institutions and a world-class financial center
132,000
2
Esch-sur-Alzette
Second city in the south, a former steel town reinvented as a cultural hub and university town
36,000
3
Differdange
Third largest town, part of the southern steel belt now transitioning to services and education
28,000
4
Dudelange
Southern town known for the Centre Pompidou-inspired contemporary art center and hiking trails
22,000
5
Ettelbruck
Northern town at the confluence of rivers, gateway to the Ardennes and host of the annual agricultural fair
10,000

Famous People from Luxembourg

Robert Schuman
Politics
Born in Luxembourg, became one of the founding fathers of the European Union and proposed the Schuman Declaration
Hugo Gernsback
Science
Publisher and inventor who founded Amazing Stories magazine, the father of modern science fiction
Edward Steichen
Art
Pioneer of fashion and art photography, curated the legendary Family of Man exhibition
Grand Duchess Charlotte
Politics
Reigned for 45 years through two World Wars, becoming a symbol of national unity and resistance
Grevenmacher Twins (Frรคnk and Andy Schleck)
Sport
Brothers who both reached the podium at the Tour de France, Andy winning the 2010 edition
Michel Rodange
Literature
Author of Renert the Fox, the national epic poem written in Luxembourgish in 1872

Traditional Cuisine of Luxembourg

Judd mat Gaardebounen
Smoked pork collar with broad beans in a cream sauce, the national dish of Luxembourg
Bouneschlupp
Green bean soup with potatoes, bacon, and onions, a hearty traditional soup served year-round
Gromperekichelcher
Crispy potato fritters seasoned with parsley and onions, the most popular street food at Luxembourg fairs
Kniddelen
Luxembourgish flour dumplings served with bacon cream sauce or in a stew, simple and comforting
Rieslingspaschteit
Pate in pastry crust made with Riesling wine from the Moselle valley
Quetschentaart
Plum tart made with local damson plums, a beloved autumn dessert
Kachkeis
Cooked cheese spread unique to Luxembourg, a soft melted cheese served on bread

Nature & Landmarks in Luxembourg

Mullerthal Trail
Forest
Luxembourg's Little Switzerland - a network of trails through sandstone rock formations, mossy gorges, and dense forests
Upper Sure Natural Park
National Park
Protected area around the Upper Sure lake and dam in the Ardennes, ideal for hiking and watersports
Vianden Castle
Landmark
One of the finest feudal castles in Europe, perched above the Our River valley in the Ardennes
Moselle Valley
River
Wine-producing region along the Moselle River forming the border with Germany, known for Riesling and Cremant
Bourscheid Castle
Landmark
Dramatic hilltop castle ruins overlooking the Sure River, one of Luxembourg's largest medieval fortifications
Bock Casemates
Landmark
UNESCO-listed underground tunnel network carved into the rock beneath Luxembourg City over 400 years

Sports in Luxembourg

Cycling
Andy Schleck won the Tour de France in 2010, and Luxembourg regularly produces world-class professional cyclists
Football
The national league has produced several Europa League competitors, with F91 Dudelange making Champions League history
Tennis
Gilles Muller reached the Wimbledon quarterfinals in 2017, the best result by a Luxembourgish player

Did You Know?

1
Luxembourg is the world's only remaining sovereign Grand Duchy, ruled by a Grand Duke
2
Nearly half of Luxembourg's workforce commutes from France, Belgium, and Germany every day
3
The country has three official languages - Luxembourgish, French, and German - and most residents speak all three
4
Luxembourg has the highest GDP per capita in the world, consistently over $120,000
5
The Bock Casemates beneath Luxembourg City are 17 kilometers of tunnels carved into solid rock
6
Luxembourg is a founding member of the EU, NATO, and the United Nations
7
The country is so small that it has only one commercial airport and one university
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